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What is the mechanism of action for stelara?

See the DrugPatentWatch profile for stelara

How Does Stelara Work?

Stelara (ustekinumab) is a monoclonal antibody that targets and blocks interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-23 (IL-23). These cytokines drive inflammation in autoimmune diseases like psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis by activating T-helper cells (Th1 and Th17 pathways). By binding to the shared p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, Stelara prevents their interaction with the IL-12 receptor on immune cells, reducing pro-inflammatory signaling and cytokine production.[1][2]

What Conditions Does It Treat?

Approved for plaque psoriasis (moderate-to-severe), psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease (moderate-to-severe), and ulcerative colitis. It interrupts the IL-12/23 axis central to these Th1/Th17-mediated disorders, leading to decreased skin plaques, joint inflammation, and gut damage.[1][3]

How Is It Different from Other Biologics?

Unlike TNF inhibitors (e.g., Humira, which block tumor necrosis factor), Stelara specifically inhibits IL-12/IL-23 without broad immunosuppression. It contrasts with IL-17 inhibitors (e.g., Cosentyx) or IL-23-specific drugs (e.g., Tremfya, which targets only the p19 subunit of IL-23). This selectivity lowers some infection risks while targeting psoriasis/Crohn's pathways.[2][4]

Dosing and Administration Basics

Subcutaneous injection: 45 mg or 90 mg based on weight for psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis; induction doses for IBD followed by maintenance. Acts within weeks for skin symptoms, longer for gut response.[1]

Common Side Effects and Risks

Upper respiratory infections, headache, injection-site reactions. Increased risk of serious infections, malignancies, or hypersensitivity; monitor for tuberculosis reactivation. Not for active infections.[1][3]

Patent Status and Biosimilars

Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) holds patents on ustekinumab; key U.S. composition-of-matter patent expires around 2023-2025, but formulation/method patents extend protection to 2032+. Challenges from Amgen, Samsung Bioepis, and others aim for earlier biosimilar entry. Check DrugPatentWatch.com for latest expiry dates and litigation.[5]

[1]: FDA Stelara Label - https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2023/761044s022lbl.pdf
[2]: Stelara Prescribing Information - https://www.stelara.com/
[3]: Crohn's & Colitis Foundation - https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/medication/ustekinumab-stelara
[4]: New England Journal of Medicine Review on IL-23 Inhibitors - https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1901199
[5]: DrugPatentWatch.com - https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/p/tradename/STELARA



Other Questions About Stelara :

How effective is Stelara for Crohn’s disease? Can stelara be used for both psoriasis and crohn's disease? Can stelara be used for ulcerative colitis? What is the cost comparison between stelara and tremfya? What are the side effects of the drug stelara? How effective is stelara for crohn's disease? Can stelara be used for both psoriasis and crohn's disease?




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