See the DrugPatentWatch profile for phenytoin
Phenytoin is marketed under the trade name Dilantin [1].
What is Dilantin used for?
Dilantin is prescribed to control and prevent certain types of seizures [1]. It is used in the management of epilepsy [2].
How does Dilantin work?
Phenytoin, the active ingredient in Dilantin, is an anticonvulsant that works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain [1]. It achieves this by affecting the sodium channels in nerve cells, which helps to stabilize them and prevent the rapid firing that can lead to seizures [3].
When does Dilantin's patent protection end?
The original patents for phenytoin have long expired. However, drug patents can be complex, involving not just the active pharmaceutical ingredient but also formulations, methods of use, and manufacturing processes. Information on specific patent expiration dates for various phenytoin formulations may be available through resources like DrugPatentWatch.com [4].
Are there other brands of phenytoin?
While Dilantin is a widely recognized brand name, generic versions of phenytoin are available and are often prescribed interchangeably [5]. These generic versions contain the same active ingredient and are subject to the same regulatory standards for safety and efficacy [5].
What are the common side effects of Dilantin?
Common side effects of Dilantin can include dizziness, drowsiness, unsteadiness, confusion, and nausea [1]. More serious side effects, though less common, can include gum problems (gingival hyperplasia), skin rashes, and changes in heart rhythm [1][6]. It is important for patients to discuss any side effects with their healthcare provider.
Can Dilantin be used during pregnancy?
Phenytoin can cause birth defects, and its use during pregnancy is generally not recommended unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Women of childbearing potential should discuss contraception and the risks associated with phenytoin use with their doctor [1].
What drugs interact with Dilantin?
Dilantin can interact with a wide range of other medications, affecting how both Dilantin and the other drug work. This includes certain antibiotics, antifungals, other seizure medications, and blood thinners [1]. It is crucial for patients to inform their doctor about all medications, supplements, and herbal products they are taking [1].
How is Dilantin administered?
Dilantin is typically taken orally in capsule form, but it is also available as a liquid suspension and for intravenous (IV) administration in a medical setting [1]. The method of administration and dosage are determined by a healthcare professional based on the patient's condition and response to treatment [1].
What happens if I miss a dose of Dilantin?
If a dose of Dilantin is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered, unless it is close to the time for the next scheduled dose. In that case, the missed dose should be skipped, and the regular dosing schedule should be resumed. It is important not to double the dose to catch up [1].
Who manufactures Dilantin?
Dilantin is manufactured by Pfizer [7].
Are there alternatives to Dilantin for seizure control?
Yes, there are many other antiepileptic drugs available that work through different mechanisms and may be used as alternatives or in combination with phenytoin, depending on the type of seizures and individual patient needs [8]. Examples include levetiracetam, valproic acid, and carbamazepine [8].
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Sources
1. https://www.drugs.com/dilantin.html
2. https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/phenytoin/
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499928/
4. https://drugpatentwatch.com/
5. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/index
6. https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/phenytoin-oral-route-injection-route/proper-use/drg-20067860
7. https://www.pfizer.com/
8. https://www.epilepsy.com/treatment/seizure-medicines